Human+Rights

Jenay Lapeyrolerie/Matt McClain

Human Rights

** 11 Facts about Environmental Racism **
[|http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-environmental-racism]
 * 1) ** People of color make up the majority of those living in neighborhoods located within 1.8 miles of the nation’s hazardous waste facilities. **
 * 2) **As a whole, racial disparities of color exist in 9 out of 10 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regions. [see a map of the regions here  ] **
 * 3) **Existing laws and land-use controls have not been adequately applied in order to reduce health risks for those living in or near toxic "hot spots." **
 * 4) ** African Americans are 79% more likely than whites to live in neighborhoods where industrial pollution is suspected of causing the greatest health dangers. **
 * 5) **A Commission for Racial Justice study found that three of the five largest waste facilities dealing with hazardous materials in the United States are located in poor black communities. This study also showed that three out of every five African American and Latinos live in areas near toxic waste sites, as well as live in areas where the levels of poverty are well above the national average. **
 * 6) **Native Americans also experience environmental racism in their communities. Many Native Americans who live in communities where most people are below poverty level face some of the worst toxic pollution problems in the country. **
 * 7) **The Commission for Racial Justice contends that "approximately half of all Native Americans live in communities with an uncontrolled toxic waste site." **
 * 8) **Living near toxic waste facilities and living in low income housing affects almost every aspect of the community's lives. The food people eat, the water they drink, and the air they breathe are all affected by these facilities. Homes, schools, and the workplace are deemed unsafe because of environmental hazards in the buildings, which remain widely under cared for and outdated. **
 * 9) **Children of color who live in poor areas are more likely to attend schools filled with asbestos, live in homes with peeling led paint, and play in parks that are contaminated. **
 * 10) **These same children are nearly nine times more likely than economically advantaged children to be exposed to lead levels so high they can cause severe learning disabilities as well as other neurological disorders. Even more startling, 96 percent of African American children who live in inner cities have unsafe amounts of lead in their blood. **
 * 11) **As in previous budgets, the Obama administration suggested in their 2011 budget a 13% decrease in EPA funding, including cuts in the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds, EPA Homeland Securities Activities, and its Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Along with this, programs such as the Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program and Targeted Airshed and Water Infrastructure Grants will be terminated. **


 * Racism around the world - Read more ||  ||   Print  - [|Copyrights]   - [|Home]   - [|About us] - [|Sitemap]  -  ||



The intelligence theory In the 19th century some scientists claimed that Africans were actually animals, and tried to prove that they were closely related to monkeys. The belief in white supremacy, strongly influenced the way that the colonies were ruled. One of the scientific theories concerning skin colour is that the darker the skin, the lower the intelligence. This and many other theories about skin colour and ethnic background has later been proven to be wrong. ||  ||   ||  ||
 * The first slaves The European traders or colonists defended their oppression of the native populations by claiming that they were superior to the natives and therefore had the right to treat them as they did. Hundreds of thousands of Africans were chained and shipped away to European colonies. The conditions aboard the slave ships were so bad that a large part of the slave died during the transport.
 * Ida in her shack.jpg (28329 bytes) ||

Photographer: Jacob Holdt  ||

Facts about racism: Employment: Racism strongly influences the possibility of getting a job USA: Unemployment among black people is about twice as big as white people. Great Britain: The Unemployment rate for ethnic minorities is twice as large as for white people. For some minorities the rate is even four times as large. Australia: The percentage of uemployed native Australians is three times as large as that af white people. Canada: Native Canadians are three times as exposed to unemployment as the rest of the population.

Photographer: Thomas Yde  || || Violence caused by racism: Racist violence is increasing in several perts of the world: Great Britain: 90% of racist motivated act of violence are committed by white people against ethnic minorities. In 1993 it is estimated that there was 130.000 racist episodes. USA: In 1993 seven out of ten fights were motivated by racism Germany: In 1993 at least 52 persons were killed in racist acts of violence. Italy: It is estimated that more than 100 racist assaults were committed in Rome in 1993 ||

Justice: Racism increases minorities’ risk of being convicted. USA: Black people make up 12% of the population, but 48% of the prison inmates. Australia: The percentage of native Australians in the prisons is 14 times as large as the national average. Great Britain: Ethnical minorities make up one tenth of the population, but half of the prison inmates. (Statistics from October 1994) In Los Angeles in 1992 five white police officers were prosecuted for having brutally beaten a black person because of a parking violation. The whole episode had been filmed, but in court the five policemen were found not guilty by a mainly white jury. This caused an explosion of violence that developed into a riot in south and central Los Angeles. In three days 52 people were killed, 8000 were wounded and 12 000 were arrested. More than 1000 buildings burned down. The real reason for the riots were poverty, unemployment, bad housing conditions and a tradition of police brutality. The trial was just the last straw. The most brutal organization in the United States In the USA the best know racist movement is called Ku Klux Klan (KKK). KKK was founded in 1870 and has ever since fought for white supremacy. They have tried to reach this goal by any possible means, including threats and even murder.
 * [[image:http://library.thinkquest.org/28172/boys_in_a_line.jpg height="193" caption="boys_in_a_line.jpg"]] ||
 * Equal to the law?

 [|http://library.thinkquest.org/28172/rarounw2.htm] ||

= Poverty Facts and Stats =


 * //by Anup Shah//
 * //This Page <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Last Updated Monday, September 20, 2010] //
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px; left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -500em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px;">This page:<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[] To print all information e.g. expanded side notes, shows alternative links, use the print version:
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px; left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -500em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px;"><span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[] Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than $2.50 a da
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px; left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -500em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px;"><span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[] Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than $2.50 a da

> <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source1]
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[[image:http://cdn1.globalissues.org/i/poverty/wdi-2008/2005-poverty-levels-bar.png caption="external image 2005-poverty-levels-bar.png"]]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">More than 80 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where income differentials are widening. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source2]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The poorest 40 percent of the world’s population accounts for 5 percent of global income. The richest 20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source3]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">According to UNICEF, <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">22,000 children die each day due to poverty. And they “die quietly in some of the poorest villages on earth, far removed from the scrutiny and the conscience of the world. Being meek and weak in life makes these dying multitudes even more invisible in death.” <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source4]

> If current trends continue, the Millennium Development Goals target of halving the proportion of underweight children will be missed by 30 million children, largely because of slow progress in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source5]
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Around 27-28 percent of all children in developing countries are estimated to be underweight or stunted. The two regions that account for the bulk of the deficit are South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Based on enrollment data, about <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">72 million children of primary school age in the developing world were not in school in 2005;<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 57 per cent of them were girls.  And these are regarded as optimistic numbers. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source6]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source7]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Less than one per cent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didn’t happen. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source8]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Infectious diseases continue to blight the lives of the poor across the world. An estimated 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, with 3 million deaths in 2004.<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Every year there are 350–500 million cases of malaria, with 1 million fatalities : Africa accounts for 90 percent of malarial deaths and African children account for over 80 percent of malaria victims worldwide. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source9]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Water problems affect half of humanity:
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Some 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Almost two in three people lacking access to clean water survive on less than $2 a day, with one in three living on less than $1 a day.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">More than 660 million people without sanitation live on less than $2 a day, and more than 385 million on less than $1 a day.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Access to piped water into the household averages about 85% for the wealthiest 20% of the population, compared with 25% for the poorest 20%.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1.8 billion people who have access to a water source within 1 kilometre, but not in their house or yard, consume around 20 litres per day. In the United Kingdom the average person uses more than 50 litres of water a day flushing toilets (where average daily water usage is about 150 liters a day. The highest average water use in the world is in the US, at 600 liters day.)
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Some 1.8 million child deaths each year as a result of diarrhoea
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The loss of 443 million school days each year from water-related illness.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Close to half of all people in developing countries suffering at any given time from a health problem caused by water and sanitation deficits.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Millions of women spending several hours a day collecting water.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To these human costs can be added the massive economic waste associated with the water and sanitation deficit.… The costs associated with health spending, productivity losses and labour diversions … are greatest in some of the poorest countries. Sub-Saharan Africa loses about 5% of GDP, or some $28.4 billion annually, a figure that exceeds total aid flows and debt relief to the region in 2003. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source10]

<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Number of children in the world** <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2 billion <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Number in poverty** <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1 billion (every second child) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Shelter, safe water and health** <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For the 1.9 billion children from the developing world, there are:
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">640 million without adequate shelter (1 in 3)
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">400 million with no access to safe water (1 in 5)
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">270 million with no access to health services (1 in 7)
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">270 million with no access to health services (1 in 7)

<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Children out of education worldwide** <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">121 million <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Survival for children** <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Worldwide,


 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached the age of 5 (same as children population in France, Germany, Greece and Italy)
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1.4 million die each year from lack of access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation

<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Health of children** <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Worldwide,


 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2.2 million children die each year because they are not immunized
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">15 million children orphaned due to HIV/AIDS (similar to the total children population in Germany or United Kingdom)

<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source11]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rural areas account for three in every four people living on less than US$1 a day and a similar share of the world population suffering from malnutrition. However, urbanization is not synonymous with human progress. Urban slum growth is outpacing urban growth by a wide margin. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source12]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Approximately half the world’s population now live in cities and towns. In 2005, one out of three urban dwellers (approximately 1 billion people) was living in slum conditions. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source13]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In developing countries some 2.5 billion people are forced to rely on biomass—fuelwood, charcoal and animal dung—to meet their energy needs for cooking. In sub-Saharan Africa, over 80 percent of the population depends on traditional biomass for cooking, as do over half of the populations of India and China. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source14]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Indoor air pollution resulting from the use of solid fuels [by poorer segments of society] is a major killer. It claims the lives of 1.5 million people each year, more than half of them below the age of five: that is 4000 deaths a day. To put this number in context, it exceeds total deaths from malaria and rivals the number of deaths from tuberculosis. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source15]

> > The poorest 10% accounted for just 0.5% and the wealthiest 10% accounted for 59% of all the consumption: > <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source16]
 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption. The poorest fifth just 1.5%:

> Breaking that down further: <span style="caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">Number of people living without electricity
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1.6 billion people — a quarter of humanity — live without electricity:
 * ~ **Region** ||  ||~ **Millions without electricity** ||

> ||< South Asia ||< 706 || > ||< Sub-Saharan Africa ||< 547 || > ||< East Asia ||< 224 || > ||< Other ||< 101 ||


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the 41 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (567 million people) is less than the wealth of the world’s 7 richest people combined. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source18]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">World gross domestic product (world population approximately 6.5 billion) in 2006 was $48.2 trillion in 2006.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The world’s wealthiest countries (approximately 1 billion people) accounted for $36.6 trillion dollars (76%).
 * <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The world’s billionaires — just 497 people (approximately 0.000008% of the world’s population) — were worth $3.5 trillion (over 7% of world GDP).
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Low income countries (2.4 billion people) accounted for just $1.6 trillion of GDP (3.3%)
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Middle income countries (3 billion people) made up the rest of GDP at just over $10 trillion (20.7%). <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source19]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The world’s low income countries (2.4 billion people) account for just 2.4% of world exports <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source20]

> In other words, about 0.13% of the world’s population controlled 25% of the world’s financial assets in 2004. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source21]
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The total wealth of the top 8.3 million people around the world “rose 8.2 percent to $30.8 trillion in 2004, giving them control of nearly a quarter of the world’s financial assets.”


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For every $1 in aid a developing country receives, over $25 is spent on debt repayment. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source22]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">51 percent of the world’s 100 hundred wealthiest bodies are corporations. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source23]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The wealthiest nation on Earth has the widest gap between rich and poor of any industrialized nation. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source24]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The poorer the country, the more likely it is that debt repayments are being extracted directly from people who neither contracted the loans nor received any of the money. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source25]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1960, the 20% of the world’s people in the richest countries had 30 times the income of the poorest 20% — in 1997, 74 times as much. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source26]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">An analysis of long-term trends shows the distance between the richest and poorest countries was about:
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3 to 1 in 1820
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">11 to 1 in 1913
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">35 to 1 in 1950
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">44 to 1 in 1973
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">72 to 1 in 1992 <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source27]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Approximately 790 million people in the developing world are still chronically undernourished, almost two-thirds of whom reside in Asia and the Pacific.” <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source28]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For economic growth and almost all of the other indicators, the last 20 years [of the current form of globalization, from 1980 - 2000] have shown a very clear decline in progress as compared with the previous two decades [1960 - 1980]. For each indicator, countries were divided into five roughly equal groups, according to what level the countries had achieved by the start of the period (1960 or 1980). Among the findings:
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Growth: The fall in economic growth rates was most pronounced and across the board for all groups or countries.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Life Expectancy: Progress in life expectancy was also reduced for 4 out of the 5 groups of countries, with the exception of the highest group (life expectancy 69-76 years).
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Infant and Child Mortality: Progress in reducing infant mortality was also considerably slower during the period of globalization (1980-1998) than over the previous two decades.
 * <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Education and literacy: Progress in education also slowed during the period of globalization. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source29]


 * 1) <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A mere 12 percent of the world’s population uses 85 percent of its water, and these 12 percent do not live in the Third World. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source30]


 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Consider the global priorities in spending in 1998
 * ~ **Global Priority** ||  ||~ **$U.S. Billions** ||

> ||< Cosmetics in the United States ||< 8 || > ||< Ice cream in Europe ||< 11 || > ||< Perfumes in Europe and the United States ||< 12 || > ||< Pet foods in Europe and the United States ||< 17 || > ||< Business entertainment in Japan ||< 35 || > ||< Cigarettes in Europe ||< 50 || > ||< Alcoholic drinks in Europe ||< 105 || > ||< Narcotics drugs in the world ||< 400 || > ||< Military spending in the world ||< 780 || <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And compare that to what was estimated as additional costs to achieve universal access to basic social services in all developing countries:
 * ~ **Global Priority** ||  ||~ **$U.S. Billions** ||

> ||< Basic education for all ||< 6 || > ||< Water and sanitation for all ||< 9 || > ||< Reproductive health for all women ||< 12 || > ||< Basic health and nutrition ||< 13 || <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #b40f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Source31]

[|http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats]

<span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">How does the United States measure poverty? <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> The United States determines the official poverty rate using poverty thresholds that are issued each year by the Census Bureau. The thresholds represent the annual amount of cash income minimally required to support families of various sizes. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> The methodology for calculating the thresholds was established in the mid-1960s and has not changed in the intervening years. The thresholds are updated annually to account for inflation. [|[1] ] <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> A family is counted as poor if its pretax money income is below its poverty threshold. Money income does not include noncash benefits such as public housing, Medicaid, employer-provided health insurance and food stamps [|[2] ]. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> A sampling of the poverty thresholds for 2009 is included in the table below. A complete list can be found on the Census Bureau's website (www.census.gov). |||||| === **<span style="color: #0275a3; font: bold 12px/12px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2009 Poverty Thresholds, Selected Family Types ** ===


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">**Single Individual** ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Under 65 years ||   || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 11,161 ||
 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">**Single Individual** ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Under 65 years ||   || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 11,161 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">65 years & older ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 10,289 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">**Single Parent** ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">One child ||   || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 14,787 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Two children ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 17,285 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">**Two Adults** ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">No children ||   || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 14,366 ||


 * || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">One child ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 17,268 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Two children ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 21,756 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Three children ||  || <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">$ 25,603 ||

<span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, __Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009,__ Report P60, n. 238, p. 55. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> Poverty guidelines are a simplified version of poverty thresholds and are issued by the Department of Health and Human Services to determine financial eligibility for certain federal programs. For more information on these guidelines, see the 2010 Federal Poverty Guidelines. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> How many people were poor in 2009? <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> In 2009, 14.3 percent of all persons lived in poverty. In 1993 the poverty rate was 15.1 percent. Between 1993 and 2000, the poverty rate fell each year, reaching 11.3 percent in 2000. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> How has poverty changed over time? <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> In the late 1950s, the poverty rate for all Americans was 22.4 percent, or 39.5 million individuals. These numbers declined steadily throughout the 1960s, reaching a low of 11.1 percent, or 22.9 million individuals, in 1973. Over the next decade, the poverty rate fluctuated between 11.1 and 12.6 percent, but it began to rise steadily again in 1980. By 1983, the number of poor individuals had risen to 35.3 million individuals, or 15.2 percent. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> For the next ten years, the poverty rate remained above 12.8 percent, increasing to 15.1 percent, or 39.3 million individuals, by 1993. The rate declined for the remainder of the decade, to 11.3 percent by 2000. From 2000 to 2004 it rose each year to 12.7 in 2004. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> Since the late 1960s, the poverty rate for people over 65 has fallen dramatically. The poverty rate for children has historically been somewhat higher than the overall poverty rate. The poverty rate for people in households headed by single women is significantly higher than the overall poverty rate. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> How does poverty differ across subgroups? <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> The poverty rate for all persons masks considerable variation between racial/ethnic subgroups. <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Poverty rates for blacks and Hispanics greatly exceed the national average. In 2009, 25.8 percent of blacks and 25.3 percent of Hispanics were poor, compared to 9.4 percent of non-Hispanic whites and 12.5 percent of Asians. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> Poverty rates are highest for families headed by single women, particularly if they are black or Hispanic. In 2009, 29.9 percent of households headed by single women were poor, while 16.9 percent of households headed by single men and 5.8 percent of married-couple households lived in poverty. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> There are also differences between native-born and foreign-born residents. In 2009, 19.0 percent of foreign-born residents lived in poverty, compared to 13.7 percent of residents born in the United States. Foreign-born, non-citizens had an even higher incidence of poverty, at a rate of 25.1 percent. <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> How many children live in poverty? [|[3] ] <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;"> Children represent a disproportionate share of the poor in the United States; they are 25 percent of the total population, but 35 percent of the poor population. In 2008, 15.45 million children, or 20.7 percent, were poor. The poverty rate for children also varies substantially by race and Hispanic origin, as shown in the table below [|[4] ].
 * === **<span style="color: #0275a3; font: bold 12px/12px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Children Under 18 Living in Poverty, 2008 ** === ||
 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Category ||  || Number (in thousands) ||   || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">Percent ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">All children under 18 ||  || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">15, 451 ||   || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">20.7 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">White only, non-Hispanic ||  || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">4, 850 ||   || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">11.9 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Black ||  || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">4,480 ||   || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">35.4 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Hispanic ||  || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">5,610 ||   || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">33.1 ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">Asian ||  || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">531 ||   || <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: right;">13.3 ||

<span style="color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;">SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, __Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009__, Report P60, n. 238, Table B-2, pp. 62-7.

<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #333333; font: 11px/15px Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px;"> [|http://www.npc.umich.edu/poverty/]

= **<span style="color: #4e4f3b; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal;">Sexism and Gender Discrimination Statistics ** =


 * Women working 41 to 44 hours per week earn 84.6% of what men working similar hours earn; women working more than 60 hours per week earn only 78.3% of what men in the same time category earn (Bureau of Labor Statistics, cited in Hilary M. Lips, <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #2f5583; font-weight: normal; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|"The Gender Wage Gap: Debunking the Rationalizations"] ).
 * Furthermore, women may work longer to receive the promotions that provide access to higher pay. For example, among school principals, women have an average of 3 years longer as teachers than men do (National Center for Education Statistics, cited in the same).
 * Pay inequality figures are even worse for women of color. African American women earn only 72 cents and Latinas 60 cents for every dollar that men earn (AFL-CIO, <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #2f5583; font-weight: normal; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|"It's Time for Working Women to Earn Equal Pay"]
 * The largest percentage of employed Asian and white women (47% and 39%, respectively) worked in management, professional, and related occupations. For both black and Hispanic women, it was sales and office occupations--33% (Department of Labor, Women's Bureau, <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #2f5583; font-weight: normal; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Quick Stats 2007] ).
 * In jobs that are predominantly occupied by women such as cashiers or child care workers, women make about 95% of men’s wages (DoL, cited in Karen Harper, <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #2f5583; font-weight: normal; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|"Sexism in the Media"] ).
 * Estimates of non-fatal domestic violence against women range from 1 million to 4 million a year with nearly 1 in 3 women experiencing a physical assault from a partner in adulthood (Domestic Violence Statistics, District of Columbia Coalition Against Domestic Violence at <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #2f5583; font-weight: normal; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|www.dccadv.org] ).
 * Women have a 10 times greater likelihood of being victimized by an intimate than men (ibid.).
 * Also, 33% of all women murdered are murdered by an intimate partner. In fact the leading cause of death among pregnant women is not complications from pregnancy, but murder.(Kim Curtis, "Murder: The leading cause of death for pregnant women." Associated Press April 23, 2003)

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= ** About Torture  ** =

**What is the purpose of torture?**
"Torture is the systematic destruction of person, family, neighborhood, school, work, formal and informal organizations, and nation, with the purpose of controlling a population the state perceives to be dangerous...Torture is the worst experience a human being can endure and survive." __ [|(1)] __Torture's purpose is to change the behavior, the thinking patterns, and the personalities of the victims - many do not survive it. By taking advantage of the person's values and fears, torturers cut the sources of personal strength needed to resist and recover. __ [|(2)] __

**Who uses torture?**
In preparing for its third international campaign to stop torture, Amnesty International conducted a survey of its research files on 195 countries and territories. The survey covered the period from the beginning of 1997 to mid-2000. Information on torture is usually concealed, and reports of torture are often hard to document, so the figures almost certainly underestimate its extent. The statistics are shocking. There were reports of torture or ill-treatment by state officials in more than 150 countries. In more than 70, they were widespread or persistent. In more than 80 countries, people reportedly died as a result.

**Who is tortured?**
People may be tortured because they are activists for human rights, labor rights, or any other cause, because they are family members of these activists, or because of their identity (ethnicity, gender, sexual identity, etc). Quite often they are criminal suspects or prisoners. People may also be tortured at random if the state or an opposition group is trying to create a climate of terror in a population - even if the torturers do not consider this person "guilty" for any reason. Anyone can be tortured. The United Nations High Commission on Refugees has given assistance to more than 22 million internally displaced peoples, external refugees, and returnees. Many are torture survivors. Prior to leaving their homes they were persecuted and often tortured in police stations, prisons or detention camps. According to the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, studies indicate that 20-30% of external refugees are torture survivors ; however, the total numbers are much higher because many displaced peoples - even most - do not leave their home countries.

**Methods of torture and its effects**
Torture can be physical and include various techniques including: beating, whipping, burning, rape, suspension upside down, submersion into water almost to the point of suffocation, and electric torture with shocks of high voltage on various parts of the body, very often on the genitals. And it can be psychological, including threats, deceit, humiliation, insults, sleep deprivation, blindfolding, isolation, mock executions, witnessing torture of others (including one's own family), being forced to torture or kill others, and the withholding of medication or personal items. Physical and neurological complications include soreness of wounds, painful scars, stiffness of limbs and muscles, atrophy and paralysis of muscles, hearing and vision loss, and persistent headaches. Torture survivors suffer psychological symptoms such as feelings of anxiety, guilt and shame, powerlessness in relation to the problems of everyday life, problems with concentration, poor sleep with frequent nightmares, and impotence. Specialized rehabilitation centers have been set up around the world to provide treatment to survivors. After receiving appropriate medical and psychological help, torture survivors can often resume leading healthy, involved lives.

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== ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 2px;">Genocide in Rwanda ** == In 1994, Rwanda’s population of seven million was composed of three ethnic groups: Hutu (approximately 85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%). In the early 1990s, Hutu extremists within Rwanda’s political elite blamed the entire Tutsi minority population for the country’s increasing social, economic, and political pressures. Tutsi civilians were also accused of supporting a Tutsi-dominated rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Through the use of propaganda and constant political maneuvering, Habyarimana, who was the president at the time, and his group increased divisions between Hutu and Tutsi by the end of 1992. The Hutu remembered past years of oppressive Tutsi rule, and many of them not only resented but also feared the minority. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">On April 6, 1994, a plane carrying President Habyarimana, a Hutu, was shot down. Violence began almost immediately after that. Under the cover of war, Hutu extremists launched their plans to destroy the entire Tutsi civilian population. Political leaders who might have been able to take charge of the situation and other high profile opponents of the Hutu extremist plans were killed immediately. Tutsi and people suspected of being Tutsi were killed in their homes and as they tried to flee at roadblocks set up across the country during the genocide. Entire families were killed at a time. Women were systematically and brutally raped. It is estimated that some 200,000 people participated in the perpetration of the Rwandan genocide. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> In the weeks after April 6, 1994,<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #515151; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> 800,000 men, women, and children perished in the Rwandan genocide, perhaps as many as three quarters of the Tutsi population. At the same time, thousands of Hutu were murdered because they opposed the killing campaign and the forces directing it. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> The Rwandan genocide resulted from the conscious choice of the elite to promote hatred and fear to keep itself in power. This small, privileged group first set the majority against the minority to counter a growing political opposition within Rwanda. Then, faced with RPF success on the battlefield and at the negotiating table, these few power holders transformed the strategy of ethnic division into genocide. They believed that the extermination campaign would reinstate the solidarity of the Hutu under their leadership and help them win the war, or at least improve their chances of negotiating a favorable peace. They seized control of the state and used its authority to carry out the massacre. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> The civil war and genocide only ended when the Tutsi-dominated rebel group, the RPF, defeated the Hutu perpetrator regime and President Paul Kagame took control. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> Although the Rwandans are fully responsible for the organization and execution of the genocide, governments and peoples elsewhere all share in the shame of the crime because they failed to prevent and stop this killing campaign. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> Policymakers in France, Belgium, and the United States and at the United Nations were aware of the preparations for massive slaughter and failed to take the steps needed to prevent it. Aware from the start that Tutsi were being targeted for elimination, the leading foreign actors refused to acknowledge the genocide. Not only did international leaders reject what was going on, but they also declined for weeks to use their political and moral authority to challenge the legitimacy of the genocidal government. They refused to declare that a government guilty of exterminating its citizens would never receive international assistance. They did nothing to silence the radio that televised calls for slaughter. Even after it had become indisputable that what was going on in Rwanda was a genocide, American officials had shunned the g-word, fearing that it would cause demands for intervention. <span style="color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> When international leaders finally voiced disapproval, the genocidal authorities listened well enough to change their tactics although not their ultimate goal. Far from cause for satisfaction, this small success only highlights the tragedy: if weak protests produced this result in late April, imagine what might have been the result if in mid-April the entire world had spoken out. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #515151; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 0px;">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">**10. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a nine year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. The war was regarded by many as an unprovoked invasion of a sovereign country by another. The CIA invested US$2.1 billion over a 10-year period to create an anti-Soviet resistance that included 200,000 fighters from over 20 Muslim nations. Osama bin Laden was one of those who joined. Estimates of the Afghan deaths vary from 1 million to 2 million. 5-10 million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran, Another 2 million Afghans were displaced within the country. In the 1980s, half of all refugees in the world were Afghan. This invasion is a major reason for the current situation of Afghanistan.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**9. Partition of India in 1947** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The Partition of British India in 1947, which created the two independent states of Pakistan and India, was followed by one of the cruelest and bloodiest migrations and religious and ethnic cleansings in history and resulted in the forced transfer of an estimated 14 to 18 million people between the two countries. The ensuing religious animosity and communal strife resulted in the deaths of some two million Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs and abduction, rape and killing of countless women and children. Those who survived were brutalized and traumatized and still carry the scars of their suffering which, in so many ways, have continued to dictate the relations between the two countries for more than half a century. It was indeed one of the most inhuman manifestations of religious and communal intolerance with few parallels in history.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**8. Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The war in Bosnia can be considered both a genocide against Bosnia's Muslim population, and a gendercide against Muslim men in particular. At the beginning of April 1992, Serb forces swept through much of Bosnia and Herzegovina, systematically brutalizing and expelling non-Serbs and, in particular, Bosnian Muslims, in a campaign of terror. In the process, the term etnicko cišcenje (ethnic cleansing) passed from Serbo-Croat into English to encapsulate the brutality of a conflict in which the principal aim was to erase all traces of a culture. The death toll was originally estimated in 1994 at around 200,000 or more.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**7. US invasion of Vietnam** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. The number of military and civilian deaths from 1955 to 1975 is debated. In 1995, the Vietnamese government reported that its military forces, including the NLF, suffered 1.1 million dead and 600,000 wounded during Hanoi's conflict with the United States. Civilian deaths were put at two million in the North and South, and economic reparations were expected. Hanoi concealed the figures during the war to avoid demoralizing the population. Estimates of civilian deaths caused by American bombing in Operation Rolling Thunder range from 52,000 to 182,000. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**6. Rwanda 1994** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> Between April and June 1994, an estimated<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> 800,000 Rwandans were killed in the space of 100 days. Most of the dead were Tutsis and most of those who perpetrated the violence were Hutus. In some local villages, militiamen forced Hutus to kill their Tutsi neighbors or face a death sentence for themselves and their entire families. They also forced Tutsis to kill members of their own families. The killings only ended after armed Tutsi rebels, invading from neighboring countries, managed to defeat the Hutus and halt the genocide in July 1994. <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">By then, over one-tenth of the population, an estimated 800,000 persons, had been killed.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**5. Expulsion of Germans** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The expulsion of Germans after World War II refers to the forced migration and ethnic cleansing of German nationals and ethnic Germans from Germany and parts of territory formerly claimed by Germany in the first three years after World War II. The majority of the flights and expulsions occurred in Czechoslovakia, Poland and the European Soviet Union. Others occurred in territories of northern Yugoslavia, and other regions of Central and Eastern Europe. Estimates of total deaths of German civilians have ranged from 500,000 to a maximum of 3.2 million people. The end of the war in Europe was only the beginning of the suffering for millions of people left homeless by the fighting, released from captivity or expelled as an act of vengeance.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**4. Russian Empire** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> A genocide committed against the Circassian nation by Czarist Russia in the 19th century has been almost entirely forgotten, and that it was the largest genocide of the 19th century.[100] Approximately 1-1.5 million Circassians were killed, and upon order of the Tsar, and most of the Muslim population was deported mainly to the Ottoman Empire, causing the exile of another 1.5 million Circassians and others. This effectively annihilated 90% of the nation. Many more Circassians were killed by the policies of the Balkan states, primarily Serbia and Bulgaria, which became independent at that time.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**3. Cambodia** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The Cambodian genocide of 1975-1979, in which approximately 1.7 million people lost their lives (21% of the country's population), was one of the worst human tragedies of the last century. the Khmer Rouge regime headed by Pol Pot combined extremist ideology with ethnic animosity and a diabolical disregard for human life to produce repression, misery, and murder on a massive scale. The Khmer Rouge banned by decree the existence of ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese, Muslim Cham, and 20 other minorities, which altogether constituted 15% of the population at the beginning of the Khmer Rouge's rule. Tens of thousands of Vietnamese were raped, mutilated, and murdered in regime-organised massacres. Most of the survivors fled to Vietnam.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**2. Soviet Union** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> The butchers who ran the Soviet Union killed between 25 million and 60 million innocent humans men, women and little children. The most reliable estimates indicate that out of a population of three million, between 300,000 and 500,000 were killed or deported in 1919–20. There were three distinct periods that may be called genocides; firstly the great famine caused by collectivisation of agriculture, in the late 1920s second, the Great Purges in the mid 1930s, and thirdly the "removal" of peoples from their homelands during WWII. Under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin, tens of millions of ordinary individuals were executed or imprisoned in labour camps that were little more than death camps. Perceived political orientation was the key variable in these mass atrocities.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;">**1. The Nazi Holocaust** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;"> The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples, Poles, Russians, and others. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals. It began with a simple boycott of Jewish shops and ended in the gas chambers at Auschwitz as Adolf Hitler and his Nazi followers attempted to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe. <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">Two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust were killed. Enough said. <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 0px;">[] <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;">**__ Jewish Casualties During the Holocaust __**


 * **Country** ||  || **Initial Jewish Population** ||   || **Estimated % Killed** ||   || **Estimated # Killed** ||   || **Number of Survivors** ||


 * Poland ||  || 3 300 000 ||   || 91 ||   || 3 000 000 ||   || 300 000 ||


 * USSR ||  || 3 020 000 ||   || 36 ||   || 1 100 000 ||   || 1 920 000 ||


 * Hungary ||  || 800 000 ||   || 74 ||   || 596 000 ||   || 204 000 ||


 * Germany ||  || 566 000 ||   || 36 ||   || 200 000 ||   || 366 000 ||


 * France ||  || 350 000 ||   || 22 ||   || 77 320 ||   || 272 680 ||


 * Romania ||  || 342 000 ||   || 84 ||   || 287 000 ||   || 55 000 ||


 * Austria ||  || 185 000 ||   || 35 ||   || 65 000 ||   || 120 000 ||


 * Lithuania ||  || 168 000 ||   || 85 ||   || 143 000 ||   || 25 000 ||


 * Netherlands ||  || 140 000 ||   || 71 ||   || 100 000 ||   || 40 000 ||


 * Bohemia ||  || 118 310 ||   || 60 ||   || 71 150 ||   || 47 160 ||


 * Latvia ||  || 95 000 ||   || 84 ||   || 80 000 ||   || 15 000 ||


 * Slovakia ||  || 88 950 ||   || 80 ||   || 71 000 ||   || 17 950 ||


 * Yugoslavia ||  || 78 000 ||   || 81 ||   || 63 300 ||   || 14 700 ||


 * Greece ||  || 77 380 ||   || 87 ||   || 67 000 ||   || 10 380 ||


 * Belgium ||  || 65 700 ||   || 45 ||   || 28 900 ||   || 36 800 ||


 * Italy ||  || 44 500 ||   || 17 ||   || 7680 ||   || 36 820 ||


 * Bulgaria ||  || 50 000 ||   || 0 ||   || 0 ||   || 50 000 ||


 * Denmark ||  || 7800 ||   || .8 ||   || 60 ||   || 7740 ||


 * Estonia ||  || 4500 ||   || 44 ||   || 2000 ||   || 2500 ||


 * Luxembourg ||  || 3500 ||   || 55 ||   || 1950 ||   || 1550 ||


 * Finland ||  || 2000 ||   || .03 ||   || 7 ||   || 1993 ||


 * Norway ||  || 1700 ||   || 45 ||   || 762 ||   || 938 ||


 * ** TOTAL ** ||  || ** 9 508 340 ** ||   || ** 63 ** ||   || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; display: block; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">**5 962 129** ||   || **3 546 211** ||



<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #0e774a; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; padding-right: 10px;">[]

Food for Thought
<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;">* Women compose ~50% of the workforce in the USA, but according to the Department of Labor, "·women have not made significant gains into middle and senior levels of management, notwithstanding their increased experience, credentials, over all qualifications and greater attachment to the work force." <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> * At the current rate of increase, it will take 475 years (until 2466) before women are as equally represented at the top of the career ladder as they are at the bottom. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> * In the Fortune 500 companies, women compose only 2.6% of corporate officers, even though they make up 61% of all employees. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> * 79% of Fortune 500 company CEOs admit that there are identifiable organisational and attitudinal barriers that prohibit women from reaching the top. (1990 survey by Catalyst, a womenâs issues research consortium) <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> *Job segregation: the majority of women execs are concentrated in female-dominated industries, health care and education. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> *A study funded by BPW foundation found a typical pattern: the number of female managers increases and resistance to them falls until the percentage of women nears 15%. Then discrimination including outright harassment begins to rise. As women go from ãtokenä to actual competitors in the company, resistance to them rises. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> *ãAssertivenessä is seen as a positive quality in males. Yet this same quality is seen as a negative ãaggressivenessä in women. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> *<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 7px 0px;">Among the 435 possible seats in the House of Representatives, women hold only 29 (6.4%) seats. []

<span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 18pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; text-align: center;">**2011 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; text-align: center;">**World Hunger Education Service** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; text-align: left;"> This fact sheet is divided into the following sections:

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"><span class="subsection" style="color: #008000; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Hunger** is a term which has three meanings (Oxford English Dictionary 1971) <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**World hunger** refers to the second definition, aggregated to the world level. The related technical term (in this case operationalized in medicine) is malnutrition. ** [|1] ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Malnutrition** is a general term that indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements necessary for human health (** Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia **). <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> There are two basic types of malnutrition. The first and most important is protein-energy malnutrition--the lack of enough protein (from meat and other sources) and food that provides energy (measured in calories) which all of the basic food groups provide. This is the type of malnutrition that is referred to when world hunger is discussed. The second type of malnutrition, also very important, is micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiency. This is not the type of malnutrition that is referred to when world hunger is discussed, though it is certainly very important. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> [Recently there has also been a move to include obesity as a third form of malnutrition. Considering obesity as malnutrition expands the previous usual meaning of the term which referred to poor nutrition due to lack of food inputs. ** [|2] ** It is poor nutrition, but it is certainly not typically due to a lack of calories, but rather too many (although poor food choices, often due to poverty, are part of the problem). Obesity will n ot be considered here, although obesity is certainly a health problem and is increasingly considered as a type of malnutrition.] <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Protein-energy malnutrition** (PEM) is the most lethal form of malnutrition/hunger. It is basically a lack of calories and protein. Food is converted into energy by humans, and the energy contained in food is measured by calories. Protein is necessary for key body functions including provision of essential amino acids and development and maintenance of muscles. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">** [|Take a two-question hunger quiz on this section] ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"><span class="subsection" style="color: #008000; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;"> **925 million hungry people in 2010** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">No one really knows how many people are malnourished. The statistic most frequently cited is that of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, which measures 'undernutrition'. ** The most recent estimate **, released in October 2010 by FAO, says that 925 million people are undernourished. As the figure below shows, the number of hungry people has increased since 1995-97, though the number is down from last year. The increase has been due to three factors: 1) neglect of agriculture relevant to very poor people by governments and international agencies; 2) the current worldwide economic crisis, and 3) the significant increase of food prices in the last several years which has been devastating to those with only a few dollars a day to spend. 925 million people is 13.6 percent of the estimated world population of 6.8 billion. Nearly all of the undernourished are in developing countries. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">** Number of hungry people, 1969-2010 **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">** [|Hunger concepts and definitions] **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">** [|Number of hungry people in the world] **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">** [|Does the world produce enough food to feed everyone?] **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">** [|Causes of hunger] **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">** [|Progress in reducing the number of hungry people] **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">** [|Micronutrients] **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">the uneasy or painful sensation caused by want of food; craving appetite. Also the exhausted condition caused by want of food
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">the want or scarcity of food in a country
 * <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">a strong desire or craving

<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;"><span class="photocaption" style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;">Source: FAO <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">In round numbers there are 7 billion people in the world. Thus, with an estimated 925 million hungry people in the world, 13.1 percent, or almost 1 in 7 people are hungry. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> The FAO estimate is based on statistical aggregates. It looks at a country's income level and income distribution and uses this information to estimate how many people receive such a low level of income that they are malnourished. It is not an estimate based on seeing to what extent actual people are malnourished and projecting from there (as would be done by survey sampling). [It has been argued that the FAO approach is not sufficient to give accurate estimates of malnutrition (** Poverty and Undernutrition ** p. 298 by Peter Svedberg).] <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> Undernutrition is a relatively new concept, but is increasingly used. It should be taken as basically equivalent to malnutrition. (It should be said as an aside, that the idea of undernourishment, its relationship to malnutrition, and the reasons for its emergence as a concept is not clear to Hunger Notes.) <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> Children are the most visible victims of undernutrition. C hildren who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness each year. Poor nutrition plays a role in at least half of the 10.9 million child deaths each year--five million deaths. Undernutrition magnifies the effect of every disease, including measles and malaria. The estimated proportions of deaths in which undernutrition is an underlying cause are roughly similar for diarrhea (61%), malaria (57%), pneumonia (52%), and measles (45%) ( Black 2003, Bryce 2005). Malnutrition can also be caused by diseases, such as the diseases that cause diarrhea, by reducing the body's ability to convert food into usable nutrients. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> According to the most recent estimate that Hunger Notes could find, malnutrition, as measured by stunting, affects 32.5 percent of children in developing countries--one of three (de Onis 2000). Geographically, more than 70 percent of malnourished children live in Asia, 26 percent in Africa and 4 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean. In many cases, their plight began even before birth with a malnourished mother. Under-nutrition among pregnant women in developing countries leads to 1 out of 6 infants born with low birth weight. This is not only a risk factor for neonatal deaths, but also causes learning disabilities, mental, retardation, poor health, blindness and premature death. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right;">** [|Take a three-question hunger quiz on this section] ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> The world produces enough food to feed everyone. World agriculture produces 17 percent more calories per person today than it did 30 years ago, despite a 70 percent population increase. This is enough to provide everyone in the world with at least 2,720 kilocalories (kcal) per person per day (FAO 2002, p.9). The principal problem is that many people in the world do not have sufficient land to grow, or income to purchase, enough food. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"><span class="subsection" style="color: #008000; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> What are the causes of hunger is a fundamental question, with varied answers. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> **Poverty is the principal cause of hunger.** The causes of poverty include poor people's lack of resources, an extremely unequal income distribution in the world and within specific countries, conflict, and hunger itself. As of 2008 (2005 statistics), the World Bank has estimated that there were an estimated 1,345 million poor people in developing countries who live on $1.25 a day or less. ** [|3] ** This compares to the later FAO estimate of 1.02 billion undernourished people. Extreme poverty remains an alarming problem in the world’s developing regions, despite some progress that reduced "dollar--now $1.25-- a day" poverty from (an estimated) 1900 million people in 1981, a reduction of 29 percent over the period. Progress in poverty reduction has been concentrated in Asia, and especially, East Asia, with the major improvement occurring in China. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people in extreme poverty has increased. The statement that 'poverty is the principal cause of hunger' is, though correct, unsatisfying. Why then are (so many) people poor? The next section summarizes Hunger Notes answer. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Harmful economic systems are the principal cause of poverty and hunger.** Hunger Notes believes that the principal underlying cause of poverty and hunger is the ordinary operation of the economic and political systems in the world. Essentially control over resources and income is based on military, political and economic power that typically ends up in the hands of a minority, who live well, while those at the bottom barely survive, if they do. We have described the operation of this system in more detail in our special section on** [|Harmful economic systems] **. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Conflict as a cause of hunger and poverty.** At the end of 2005, the global number of refugees was at its lowest level in almost a quarter of a century. Despite some large-scale repatriation movements, the last three years have witnessed a significant increase in refugee numbers, due primarily to the violence taking place in Iraq and Somalia. By the end of 2008, the total number of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate exceeded 10 million. The number of conflict-induced internally displaced persons (IDPs) reached some 26 million worldwide at the end of the year. Providing exact figures on the number of stateless people is extremely difficult But, important, (relatively) visible though it is, and anguishing for those involved conflict is less important as poverty (and its causes) as a cause of hunger. (Using the statistics above 1.02 billion people suffer from chronic hunger while 36 million people are displaced [UNHCR 2008]) <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Hunger is also a cause of poverty, and thus of hunger**. By causing poor health, low levels of energy, and even mental impairment, hunger can lead to even greater poverty by reducing people's ability to work and learn, thus leading to even greater hunger. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">**Climate change** Climate change is increasingly viewed as a current and future cause of hunger and poverty. Increasing drought, flooding, and changing climatic patterns requiring a shift in crops and farming practices that may not be easily accomplished are three key issues. See the Hunger Notes special report: ** [warming|Hunger, the environment, and climate change] ** for further information, especially articles in the section: Climate change, global warming and the effect on poor people such as ** Global warming causes 300,000 deaths a year, study says ** and ** Could food shortages bring down civilization? ** <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> The target set at the 1996 World Food Summit was to halve the number of undernourished people by 2015 from their number in 1990-92. (FAO uses three year averages in its calculation of undernourished people.) The (estimated) number of undernourished people in developing countries was 824 million in 1990-92. In 2009, the number had climbed to 1.02 billion people. The WFS goal is a global goal adopted by the nations of the world; the present outcome indicates how marginal the efforts were in face of the real need. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> So, overall, the world is not making progress toward the world food summit goal, although there has been progress in Asia, and in Latin America and the Caribbean. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"><span class="subsection" style="color: #008000; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> Quite a few trace elements or micronutrients--vitamins and minerals--are important for health. 1 out of 3 people in developing countries are affected by vitamin and mineral deficiencies, according to the World Health Organization. Three, perhaps the most important in terms of health consequences for poor people in developing countries, are: <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">//Vitamin A// Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and reduces the body's resistance to disease. In children Vitamin A deficiency can also cause growth retardation. Between 100 and 140 million children are vitamin A deficient. An estimated 250,000 to 500 000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight. (World Health Organization) <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">//Iron// Iron deficiency is a principal cause of anemia. Two billion people—over 30 percent of the world’s population—are anemic, mainly due to iron deficiency, and, in developing countries, frequently exacerbated by malaria and worm infections. For children, health consequences include premature birth, low birth weight, infections, and elevated risk of death. Later, physical and cognitive development are impaired, resulting in lowered school performance. For pregnant women, anemia contributes to 20 percent of all maternal deaths (World Health Organization). <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">//Iodine// Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) jeopardize children’s mental health– often their very lives. Serious iodine deficiency during pregnancy may result in stillbirths, abortions and congenital abnormalities such as cretinism, a grave, irreversible form of mental retardation that affects people living in iodine-deficient areas of Africa and Asia. IDD also causes mental impairment that lowers intellectual prowess at home, at school, and at work. IDD affects over 740 million people, 13 percent of the world’s population. Fifty million people have some degree of mental impairment caused by IDD (World Health Organization). <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> (Updated March 6, 2011) <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> 1. The relation between hunger, malnutrition, and other terms such as undernutrition is not 'perfectly clear,' so we have attempted to spell them out briefly in "World Hunger Facts." <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> 2. For example, the Oxford English Dictionary (1971 edition) has 'insufficient nutrition' as the only meaning for malnutrition. <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> 3. The table used to calculate this number.


 * Region || % in $1.25 a day poverty || Population (millions) || Pop. in $1 a day poverty (millions) ||
 * East Asia and Pacific || 16.8 || 1,884 || 316 ||
 * Latin America and the Caribbean || 8.2 || 550 || 45 ||
 * South Asia || 40.4 || 1,476 || 596 ||
 * Sub-Saharan Africa || 50.9 || 763 || 388 ||
 * Total Developing countries || 28,8 || 4673 || **1345** ||
 * Europe and Central Asia || 0.04 || 473 || 17 ||
 * Middle East and North Africa || 0.04 || 305 || 11 ||
 * Total ||  || 5451 || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; display: block; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; text-align: left;">1372 ||

[] <span style="color: #ea6323; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5px;">**Malnutrition Statistics** <span style="display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is undoubtedly a challenge for low-income countries and is a significant factor in the death of 4 million children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. Iron deficiency alone is a contributing factor in over 20 percent of post-birth maternal deaths in Africa. Up to half a million vitamin A deficient children go blind every year, half of them dying within a year of losing their sight; and iron deficiency is damaging the mental development of 40–60 per cent of children in developing countries. <span style="display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> Most worryingly, there is mounting evidence that the damage caused by early undernutrition is irreversible after the age of two. Expectant mothers and young children are most sensitive to the deficiency of micronutrients as their bodies can be severely affected by the lack of production of micronutrient-based enzymes and hormones crucial for their growth and development. <span style="display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> Micronutrient deficiency statistics

Economic costs of undernutrition []
 * 1.02 billion people in the world suffer from undernutrition — a serious form of malnutrition.
 * 99 percent of undernourished people live in developing countries
 * More than 500,000 child deaths every year are linked to lack of vitamin A.
 * More than 20 per cent of children under five in developing countries suffer from iron deficiency-related anaemia.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5px;">40–60 per cent of children in developing countries have impaired mental development due to iron deficiency.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5px;">2 billion people worldwide are iodine-deficient.
 * 176,000 people die from diarrhoea linked to zinc deficiency each year.
 * 406,000 people die from pneumonia linked to zinc deficiency each year.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffff00; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5px;">US$20–30 billion is what undernutrition is estimated to cost economic development each year.
 * 12 percent reduction in lifetime earnings in Zimbabwe is attributable to school years lost to malnutrition.

=<span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #a49e99; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 28px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 21px 0px 13px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hunger & Poverty Statistics = ===<span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3bfbc; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #2e2118; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">**HUNGER & POVERTY STATISTICS** ===

<span style="background-color: transparent; clear: both; display: block; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Learn about hunger statistics in America. <span style="background-color: transparent; clear: both; display: block; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Poverty ** Statistics <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">i

<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hunger Statistics on Food Insecurity and Very Low Food Security ** <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ii <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hunger Statistics on the use of Emergency Food Assistance and Federal Food Assistance Programs <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3px; vertical-align: baseline;">Five states exhibited //<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">statistically significant // higher household food insecurity rates than the U.S. national average 2007-2009: 1
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 43.6 million people (14.3 percent) were in poverty.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 8.8 (11.1% percent) million families were in poverty.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 24.7 million (12.9 percent) of people aged 18-64 were in poverty.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 15.5 million (20.7 percent) children under the age of 18 were in poverty.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 3.4 million (8.9 percent) seniors 65 and older were in poverty.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 50.2 million Americans lived in food insecure households, 33 million adults and 17.2 million children
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 14.7 percent of households (17.4 million households) were food insecure.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 5.7 percent of households (6.8 million households) experienced very low food security.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, households with children reported food insecurity at almost double the rate for those without children, 21.3 percent compared to 11.4 percent.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, households that had higher rates of food insecurity than the national average included households with children (21.3 percent), especially households with children headed by single women (36.6 percent) or single men (27.8 percent), Black non-Hispanic households (24.9 percent) and Hispanic households (26.9 percent).
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 7.8 percent of seniors living alone (884,000 households) were food insecure.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 4.8 percent of all U.S. households (5.6 million households) accessed emergency food from a food pantry one or more times. <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ii
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, food insecure (low food security or very low food security) households were 15 times more likely than food-secure households to have obtained food from a food pantry. <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ii
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, food insecure (low food security or very low food security) households were 19 times more likely than food-secure households to have eaten a meal at an emergency kitchen.<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ii
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2009, 57 percent of food-insecure households participated in at least one of the three major Federal food assistance programs –Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamp Program), The National School Lunch Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ii Feeding America provides emergency food assistance to an estimated 37 million low-income people annually, a 46 percent increase from 25 million since //<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hunger In America 2006 // <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iii
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Feeding America provides emergency food assistance to approximately 5.7 million different people per week. <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iii
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 15px 2em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Among members of Feeding America, 74 percent of pantries, 65 percent of kitchens, and 54 percent of shelters reported that there had been an increase since 2006 in the number of clients who come to their emergency food program sites. <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iii
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Arkansas 17.7%
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Mississippi 17.1%
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Georgia 15.6%
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.8em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Texas 17.4%
 * 5) <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.8em; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">North Carolina 14.8%

http://feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/hunger-facts/hunger-and-poverty-statistics.aspx

What is asbestos? Asbestos is the name given to a group of naturally occurring minerals used in certain products, such as building materials and vehicle brakes, to resist heat and corrosion. Asbestos includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these materials that have been chemically treated and/or altered. What are the dangers of asbestos exposure to workers? The inhalation of asbestos fibers by workers can cause serious diseases of the lungs and other organs that may not appear until years after the exposure has occurred. For instance, asbestosis can cause a buildup of scar-like tissue in the lungs and result in loss of lung function that often progresses to disability and death. Asbestos fibers associated with these health risks are too small to be seen with the naked eye, and smokers are at higher risk of developing some asbestos-related diseases.

http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_AsbestosFacts/asbestos-factsheet.pdf

<span style="border-top-color: #b6d0dd; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 455px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: default; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">World <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">English Dictionary


 * **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">racism **//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or //**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">racialism **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> (ˈreɪsɪzəm, ˈreɪʃəˌlɪzəm) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[[image:http://sp.dictionary.com/dictstatic/g/d/dictionary_questionbutton_default.gif height="1.25em; margin-top: 0" caption="[Click for IPA pronunciation guide]" link="@http://dictionary.reference.com/help/luna/IPA_pron_key.html"]] ||


 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">— **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">n // ** ||
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">1. || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; border-top: 1px solid #b6d0dd; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 455px;"><span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the belief <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">that races have distinctive cultural characteristics <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">determined <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">by <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">hereditary <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">factors and that this endows someraces <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">with <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">an intrinsic <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">superiority <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">over others ||
 * <span style="background-color: #ffff00; border-top: 1px solid #b6d0dd; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 455px;">2. || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; border-top: 1px solid #b6d0dd; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 455px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">abusive <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">or aggressive behaviour towards members <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">of <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">another <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">race on <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the basis of such <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">belief ||

<span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px; position: static;"> Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px; position: static;"> 2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px; position: static;"> Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px;">__ [|Cite Thi] ____ [|s Source] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">"racism." // Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition //. HarperCollins Publishers. 14 May. 2011. <Dictionary.com @http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/racism >. ==<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.2em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 2px;">Malaria Kills == Malaria is a disease caused by the blood parasite Plasmodium, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Malaria, from the Medieval Italian words mala aria or “bad air,” causes 200 million illnesses per year and kills nearly one million people – mostly children under the age of five. Malaria is particularly devastating in Africa, where it is a leading killer of children. In fact, there are 10 new cases of malaria every second. Every 45 seconds, a child in Africa dies from a malaria infection.

Malaria is also the number one killer of refugees in Africa. //Nothing But Nets//™ is working closely with the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) to send urgently-needed insecticide-treated bed nets to more than one million refugees in 15 countries. [|Learn more about our work to protect refugees here.]

Forty percent of the world’s population lives in malaria endemic countries, and its treatment consumes nearly 40 percent of these countries’ public health resources. In addition to the burden on local healthcare systems, malaria illness and death costs Africa approximately $12 billion per year in lost productivity. The effects permeate almost every sector. Malaria: Malaria has been brought under control and even eliminated in many parts of Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Yet in Africa, with increasing drug resistance and struggling health systems, malaria infections have increased over the last three decades. ====<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: -0.1em; margin-top: 1.5em;">Malaria is Both Preventable and Treatable ==== While malaria remains one of the deadliest diseases on the African continent, infections can be prevented either by spraying insecticides indoors or by sleeping under long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets. Additionally, anti-malarial drugs, such as artemisinin and other combination therapies (if used early enough) can be used to treat malaria once it is contracted. ====<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: -0.1em; margin-top: 1.5em;">Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets ==== Bed nets work by creating a protective barrier against deadly-malaria carrying mosquitoes that bite at night. A family of four can sleep under an insecticide-treated bed net, safe from malaria, for three years. The benefits of bed nets extend even further than protecting those sleeping underneath them. The insecticide woven into each net makes entire communities safer – killing and repelling mosquitoes so that they can’t go on to bite others who may not be protected by a net. Although $10 for a bed net may not sound like much, the cost makes them out of reach for most people at risk of malaria, many of whom survive on less than $1 a day. Nets are a simple, life-saving solution, but we need your help to provide them to those in need. Join us now. Send a net and save a life.
 * Increases school absenteeism
 * Decreases tourism
 * Inhibits foreign investment
 * Affects crop production

<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: -0.1em; margin-top: 1.5em;">Anti-Malarial Drugs
Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the most effective drugs currently available for treating malaria. ACTs and other drugs can be used by pregnant women to prevent malaria-related low birth weight, which accounts for nearly 100,000 infant deaths annually in Africa.

<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: -0.1em; margin-top: 1.5em;">Other Preventative Measures
In addition to using long-lasting nets, malaria can be prevented through a process known as Indoor Residual Spraying, or IRS. During IRS campaigns, insecticide is applied to the inside walls of individual homes. Mosquitoes that land on the walls of these homes are then killed, preventing the transmission of malaria. In special circumstances, teams are also organized to eliminate or treat mosquito breeding sites.

<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: -0.1em; margin-top: 1.5em;">More Facts about Malaria
> When combined with HIV/AIDS, malaria is even more deadly, particularly for pregnant women and children.
 * Malaria is only transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Most female Anopheles mosquitoes are nocturnal feeders (that is, they only bite at night).
 * Four Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work associated with malaria to Sir Ronald Ross (1902), Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1907), Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927), and Paul Hermann Müller (1948).
 * The two most effective and potent anti-malarial drugs come from plants with medicinal values recognized for centuries: artemisinin from the Qinghao plant (Artemisia annual, China, 4th century) and quinine from the cinchona tree (South America, 17th century).


 * FACT CHECKED BY THE US CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)**


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**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Nineteenth Amendment ** **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;"> Passed by Congress June 4, 1919. ** **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Ratified August 18, 1920. ** **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. **

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<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: default; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Cultural <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Dictionary
 * <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">genocide **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> [( jen -uh-seyed)]

<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The deliberate <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">destruction of an entire race or nation. The __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|Holocaust] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conducted <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">by the  __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|Nazis] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> in __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|Germany] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> and the __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|Rwandan genocide] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">are <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">examples <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">attempts at genocide.

"genocide." // The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition //. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 14 May. 2011. <Dictionary.com @http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/genocide >


 * ~ **COUNTRY** ||~ **AREA - COMPARATIVE(SQ KM)** ||


 * ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: left;">[|Rwanda] || slightly smaller than Maryland ||

<span style="color: #707070; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">[]

<span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 455px;"> ===<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">sexism <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">definition ** === <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; width: 455px;"> <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The belief <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">that one sex <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">(usually the <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">male) is naturally superior <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">tothe other and <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">should dominate most <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">important <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">areas of <span style="color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">political,economic, and social life. <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px; position: static;"> The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px; position: static;"> Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px; position: static;"> Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. <span style="color: #7b7b7b; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; padding-bottom: 13px; padding-top: 6px;">__ [|Cite This Source] __ <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">"sexism." // The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition //. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 14 May. 2011. <Dictionary.com @http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sexism >

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The number of __ [|calories] __ the body consumes in a day is different for every person. You may notice on the nutritional labels of the __ [|foods] __ you buy that the "percent daily values" are based on a 2,000 calorie diet -- 2,000 calories is a rough average of what people eat in a day. But your body might need more or less than 2,000. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level all affect your caloric needs.

http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question457.htm

<span style="color: #555753; font-family: Geneva,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"> What is iodine deficiency? Iodine is an element that is needed for the production of thyroid hormone. The body does not make iodine, so it is an essential part of your diet. Iodine is found in various foods (see [|Table 1 below] ). If you do not have enough iodine in your body, you cannot make enough thyroid hormone. Thus, iodine deficiency can lead to enlargement of the thyroid (goiter – see [|Goiter brochure] ), hypothyroidism (see [|Hypothyroidism brochure] ) and to mental retardation in infants and children whose mothers were iodine deficient during pregnancy.

<span style="color: #555753; font-family: Geneva,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">http://www.thyroid.org/patients/patient_brochures/iodine_deficiency.html

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.45em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"> Condensed List of Sources <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/] <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|http://library.thinkquest.org/28172/rarounw2.htm] <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats] <span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|http://www.npc.umich.edu/poverty/] <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__ [|http://www.urbanministry.org/sexism-and-gender-discrimination-statistics] __ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__ [] __ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__ [] __ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #515151; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; padding-right: 10px;">[] __ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; padding-right: 10px;">[] __ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; padding-right: 10px;">[] __ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__<span style="background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; padding-right: 10px;">[] __ http://feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/hunger-facts/hunger-and-poverty-statistics.aspx

http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_AsbestosFacts/asbestos-factsheet.pdf

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">"racism." // Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition //. HarperCollins Publishers. 14 May. 2011. <Dictionary.com @http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/racism >.

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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">"genocide." // The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition //. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 14 May. 2011. <Dictionary.com @http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/genocide >

"sexism." // The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition //. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 14 May. 2011. <Dictionary.com @http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sexism >

http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question457.htm

http://www.thyroid.org/patients/patient_brochures/iodine_deficiency.html

__Product Ideas__ <span style="color: #555555; display: block; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px;"> Knowledge - Comprehension-    OR THE MANSION COULD BE THIS ONE:    Application & Synthesis- Earth model. Either poverty or malnutrition. Analysis- Either this one:     Or this one: Opening Statement I am Matthew McClain, and I will prove to you today that the human race is **NOT** doing enough to save the Earth. An example of this is human rights. How can we as humans try to save the Earth when we are so divided that we can’t save ourselves? I am here with my witness Jenay Lapeyrolerie and we will prove to you that we are so divided that we can’t save the Earth.

To start off, what is racism? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">by <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">hereditary factors and that <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">this <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">endows <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">some <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">races with an intrinsic superiority over others and abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">another <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">race <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">on the basis of such a belief.

What percent of racist motivated acts of violence are of whites against other ethnic groups? In Great Britain 90% of racist motivated act of violence are committed **by** white people **against** ethnic minorities, yet there are less white people in jail in Great Britain. These statistics obviously don't match up.

Is it possible that there are more African Americans in jail than white people in the U.S., possibly due to racism? USA: Black people make up 12% of the population, but 48% of the prison inmates. Racism can effect who gets arrested and who doesn't. Just because African Americans look more "suspicious", police officers are more likely to arrest them. I'm not saying that all those that are in jail are not guilty of a crime. I'm saying that logically, the percentages should reflect the population more closely, as there are so many white people in America.

What is genocide? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The deliberate <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">destruction of an entire race or nation. The <span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Holocaust <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conducted <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">by the  <span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nazis <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> in <span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Germany <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> and the <span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Rwandan genocide <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">are <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">examples <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">attempts at genocide.

How many Jewish people died during the holocaust? 5,962,129, or <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;">**Two-thirds** of the population of **nine million** Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust were killed.

How many people died in the Rwandan genocide? <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;">800,000 Rwandans were killed in the space of 100 days, <span style="font-family: arial,'arian amu',Sylfaen,mshtakan; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">perhaps as many as three quarters of the Tutsi population, and <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Tahoma,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;">over one-tenth of the total population. It just blows my mind that so much hatred and murder could occur in a country smaller than the state of Maryland.

Genocide truly is horrible, but sometime racism can work in subtler ways. Is it true that children of color who live in poor areas are more likely to be exposed to harmful living conditions? ** Children of color who live in poor areas **are more likely to attend schools filled with asbestos, which are minerals used to resist heat and corrosion that can cause serious diseases, live in homes with peeling led paint, and play in parks that are contaminated. ** These same children are close to nine times more likely than economically advantaged children to be exposed to lead levels so high they can cause severe** learning disabilities as well as other neurological disorders. Additionally, **96** percent of African American children who live in inner cities have unsafe amounts of lead in their blood. This is obviously the result of racism affecting where African American people can live.

Is there a greater chance for people to live near harmful facilities as a result of racism? I think there is because non-whites make up the majority of those living in neighborhoods located within 1.8 miles of the nation’s hazardous waste facilities, and A frican Americans are 79% more likely than whites to live in neighborhoods where industrial pollution is suspected of causing the greatest health dangers. If racism did not affect people's employment, salaries, and home purchasing, I think there would be a more equal representation of races living in in dangerous areas.

What is the unemployment of African Americans compared to whites in the U.S.? In America, unemployment among black people is about twice as big as white people. Racism strongly influences the possibility of someone getting a job. It is not fair or right that people end up living in poverty because of how they look.

Is it possible that there are more African Americans and Hispanics living in poverty because of their race? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: Verdana,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;">Poverty rates for blacks and Hispanics greatly exceed the national average. In 2009, 25.8 percent of blacks and 25.3 percent of Hispanics were poor, compared to 9.4 percent of non-Hispanic whites. This is obviously influenced by racism affecting employment opportunities.

Here in America, the majority of us don't consider $10 a lot of money, but do all people think of $10 this way? At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day. How can we live in such gluttony when the $10 that we spend without a thought could feed a whole family for a day elsewhere. Think of how different their lives would be if we just took the time to be charitable. How can our Earth be safe in the hands of people who let their own kind starve when it is entirely within our power to rescue them from poverty?

How many people live in what is called "dollar a day" poverty? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; border-collapse: collapse; color: #0080ff; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">1,372 million. Dollar a day poverty is when someone lives on less on a dollar a day. You and I could not imagine living on less than a dollar a day, but for 1,372 million people, it's the only way they can get by.

In 2005 what percent did the wealthiest of the world make private consumption? In 2005, the wealthiest ** 20% ** of the world accounted for ** 76.6% ** of total private consumption.

And what percent were the poorest? The poorest **20%** only **1.5%**: These percentages obviously don't match, and they just go to show the vast difference between the poor and the rich.

What percent of the world’s population are billionaires? The world’s billionaires, just 497 people, are approximately 0.000008% (8 millionths percent) of the world’s population.

What are the percent of world GDP are they worth? Those same 437 people are worth $3.5 trillion- over 7% of world GDP.

How many children are there in the world? There are 2.2 billion children in the world.

How many of them are in poverty? 1 billion children, or about **every second** child, lives in poverty.

How many children die every day due because of poverty? 22,000 children die each day because of poverty. Every day, more people than that which fill our whole school die because of what humans are not doing. Poverty starts a never-ending cycle. When you live in poverty, you don't get a good education. When you don't get a good education, you can't get a decently-paying job. If you can't get a decent job, you end up living in poverty, which starts the cycle over again for their children.

How much money would it take to put every child in school? **Less than one percent** of what the world spends every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000, and yet it didn’t happen. Less than **one percent,** and 72 million children of primary school age in the developing world were not in school in 2005. Does it make any sense for countries to refrain from putting every child in school if all they have to do is take a measly one percent out of their weapons budget? How can those governments be expected to care for the Earth if they can't even bother to take care of their own country's children?

How many people were hungry in 2010? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;">925 million hungry people in 2010, or **1 in 7** people. How can we let this go on? If that fraction was equally represented everywhere, we'd go to all lengths to stop it. But because the way society is structured today, the rich and poor people are practically segregated, and don't see each other on a regular basic.

What is the main cause of hunger? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Poverty is the principal cause of hunger. If you don't have money, you can't buy food. When you can't buy food, you go hungry, the way humanity treats malnutrition today.

Does the world produce enough food the feed everyone? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The world does produce enough food to feed everyone. World agriculture produces 17 percent more calories per person today than it did 30 years ago, despite a **70** percent population increase. This is enough to provide everyone in the world with at least 2,720,000 calories per person per day. <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">2,000 calories is a rough average of what people eat in a day. We have **more** than enough food to feed everyone.

Do poorly nourished children suffer from more illnesses than the nourished child? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;"> C hildren who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness each year. Undernutrition magnifies the effect of every disease, including measles and malaria. The estimated proportions of deaths in which undernutrition is an underlying cause are roughly similar for diarrhea (61%), malaria (57%), pneumonia (52%), and measles (45%).

How many deaths are caused by children that are poorly nourished? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Poor nutrition plays a role in at least half of the 10.9 million child deaths each year--five million deaths.

How many people in developing countries are affected by vitamin and mineral deficiencies? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;">1 out of 3 people in developing countries are affected by vitamin and mineral deficiencies. When you don't get enough of certain vitamins and minerals, your body can't function properly. So even if people living in poverty can purchase food, they might be affected by a vitamin or mineral deficiency because cheap food doesn't have all the nutrients they need.

What does Vitamin A-deficiency do to people? Being Vitamin A deficient causes people to go blind and often die within a year of losing their sight.

How many children are Vitamin A deficient? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;">Between 100 and 140 million children are vitamin A deficient. An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight.

How many people worldwide are iodine-deficient? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">2 billion people worldwide are iodine-deficient, which can cause <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: Geneva,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">enlargement of the thyroid, hypothyroidism and to mental retardation in infants and children whose mothers were iodine deficient during pregnancy.

What percent of children have impaired mental development because of iron deficiency? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">40–60 per cent of children in developing countries have impaired mental development due to iron deficiency <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal;">. This is another example of how poverty and malnutrition wind up in an endless cycle. So this child is living in poverty and has iron deficiency, so has impaired mental development. When that child gets older, it will be extremely difficult for them to ever find a job because they have impaired mental development. So, they'll live in poverty throughout their whole lives, and they'll never even have a chance to get out of it. And then when they have children, their children will be in the same situation. And so will their children, and the children of their children, and the children of their children of their children.

If you’re thinking about it from an economical point of view, how much money does malnutrition cost each year? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">$20–30 billion is what undernutrition is estimated to cost economic development each year.

Can malnutrition have any other side affect other than the obvious? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;">Malnutrition can cause poor health, low levels of energy, and even mental impairment. Hunger can lead to even greater poverty by reducing people's ability to work and learn, thus leading to even greater hunger.

How many people are killed due to malaria every year? Every year there are 350–500 million cases of malaria, with 1 million fatalities. Malaria is a preventable and treatable disease, but it is still wreaking havoc on many people's lives. How can we allow people to die when we have the tools to save them? The Earth is given the same treatment as these people, if not worse. We have the tools to protect the Earth, but we do not take the initiative to do so. Our Earth is getting worse each day because of human's actions.

To change gears, what is sexism? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0080ff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">belief that one sex (usually the male) is naturally superior <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">to the other and <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">should dominate most important areas of <span style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">political, economic, and social life.

Do women earn less money working than men? Women working 41 to 44 hours per week earn 84.6% of what men working similar hours earn; women working more than 60 hours per week earn only 78.3% of what men in the same time category earn. Sexism makes it hard for women to succeed in life as easily as men, even though in America, sex equality laws were passed close to a century ago.

What percent of the work force are women? Women compose about 50% of the workforce in the USA, but according to the Department of Labor, "·women have not made significant gains into middle and senior levels of management, notwithstanding their increased experience, credentials, over all qualifications and greater attachment to the work force." Sexism prohibits women from getting promotions simply because they're women. Even if a woman is a much better worker than a man, there is a chance that the man be promoted instead of the woman.

What is the percent of 500 largest companies in America admit that they prohibit women from reaching the top? 79% of Fortune 500 company CEOs admit that there are identifiable organizational and attitudinal barriers that prohibit women from reaching the top. The majority of the 500 biggest companies in the United States admit that there are sexist barriers within their company. If that many of the major companies admit it, imagine how many minor companies must have similar barriers.

How many women are corporate officers in those same companies? In the Fortune 500 companies, women compose only **2.6%** of corporate officers, even though they make up **61%** of all employees.

How long will it take for women to be treated as equals in the work place? At the current rate of increase, it will take 455 years (until 2466) before women are as equally represented at the top of the career ladder as they are at the bottom.

How many women have a seat in the House of Representatives? <span style="color: #0080ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Among the 435 possible seats in the House of Representatives, women hold only 29 (6.4%) seats. If women barley even have a say in America's government, then how are we supposed to ever be equal?

__Product Time (<DON'T SAY THAT)__ Over here, I have some visuals to show you about human rights.

What's this fist one? This graph shows the number of people that were at different poverty levels in 2005. As you can see, only around 20% of humanity lives on more than $10 a day. Only this one section does.

Okay, so what's this one? These are two comparative pictures of poverty and wealth. You can see here the vast difference between how people live. These pictures look like they cover about the same amount of land, give or take a bit. In this picture (hold up poverty) there are dozens, even a hundred people living in decrepit shacks and horrible conditions. In this picture, however (hold up mansion) there may be about 5 to 10 people living in this giant house. This difference is neither fair nor equitable to let people live in this abject poverty while others live in excess.

Can you tell me about this graph here? This graph shows the difference between the average incomes of poor and rich people in different countries. Here (indicate) in Mexico, the average rich person's income is more than **25** times that of the average person living in poverty.

Alright, please explain this model here. This side of the model shows, symbolically, what life is like when we don't protect human rights. These things like racism, poverty, genocide, etc. are surrounding these people like a ring of fire and rendering them incapable of supporting each other even when all in mortal danger. If we let things continue with malnutrition, lack of education, and all those other issues we just talked about, we might end up looking like this- all trapped within a circle of hatred. Now this other side (turn model) shows what life would be like if we protected human rights. We'd all be connected and equal, and the Earth would flourish under the care of people who would actually cease petty arguments and turn their attention on the Earth itself.

Thank you, Ms. Lapeyrolerie.

Closing Statement Human rights have been violated and are being violated as we speak. How can we as humans hurt, abuse, and ignore other people because of their color, how they look, or how they talk. But we try to save the planet when we can’t even save ourselves. How can we try to save the Earth when we can’t even save ourselves from racism, genocide, Malnutrition, preventable diseases, Sexism? If all these problems are dividing us how can we even try to save our Earth and accomplish this goal? Because of this separation the “lower classes” have to live in very poor conditions when the “upper classes” get more opportunities only because of there color, race, how they talk, or even how they look. Should we really try to save the Earth when we can’t save ourselves?